This is an index to subjects. The only cited works that have been indexed are standards and style guides. Figures are indicated by the letter ‘f’. Word-by-word filing has been used, with entries filed ‘as is’ rather than ‘as if’. The metatopic – indexing – is treated as a significant entry point. Nonetheless, as the whole subject of the book is indexing, not everything can be indexed under that term, and specific headings have been used as necessary. The word ‘indexing’ has been removed from headings where possible (e.g., using ‘encyclopedias’ not ‘encyclopedia indexing’). Individual website names have not been indexed, but are listed in the appendix. The index was created by Glenda Browne, a registered member of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers.
‘A’, filing of 64,107–108
A to Z indexes, see book-style indexing
AACR2 62,152
abbreviations, indexing of 58
Aboriginal names 62–63
aboutness 54
abstracts 75–76
academic indexing, see bibliographic database indexing; scholarly indexing
Access, indexing using 178–182
accounting software 192
accuracy, see consistency; editing of indexes; evaluation
acronyms, indexing of 58
active users, paradox of 22–23
adapting indexes, see updating and adapting indexes
adjectives, entries starting with 59
Adobe FrameMaker 185–186
Adobe InDesign 186
Adobe PageMaker 186
Adobe PDF, see PDF documents
adverbs, entries starting with 59
advertisements, indexing of 47–48,147
advertising indexing services 7–8
African indexes 46,52
after-the-fact indexing projects, see retrospective indexing
AGLS 34–35,160
agreement, see consistency; controversies about indexing; standards
aliaINDEXERS mailing list 12
ALISA 197
alphabetical letter headings 112
alphabetically-arranged books, supplemented by indexing 89
alphanumeric order, see filing order
Amazon’s Search Inside the Book 202–203
ambiguity, see disambiguation
American Society of Indexers (ASI) 4
finding indexers through 17–18
publications from 128
salary survey 8,128
Web Indexing SIG 171
ampersand, filing of 105–106
‘An’, filing of 64,107–108
analysis, see concept analysis
‘and’ in subheadings 91,93
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules 62, 152
animal names 162–163
announcement lists 12
annual indexes, see serials indexing
annual reports 99,129
ANSI/NISO . . ., see also NISO . . .
ANSI/NISO Z39.19 33,59,81,84
ANSI/NISO Z39.50 134,153
ANSI/NISO Z39.85 34–35
antonyms 96, see also synonyms
ANZSI, see Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers
appendixes, indexing 38
Apple, see Macintosh computers
applications help indexing, see online help indexing
archives 160–161
data warehouses 133
defined 30
images and videos 144,167
school magazines 148
standards for 33,122
arrangement of entries, see filing order
art works, see multimedia indexing
artefacts 156, see also museum cataloguing
articles (grammar) 64–65,89,107–108
articles (writings), see also journal indexing
e-print repositories 134–135
indexing focus on level of 200–201
indexing titles of 65
structured author abstracts for 76
AS ISO 15489 33
AS/NZS 999:1999 31–32
on checking index proofs 110–111
on completeness of documents 41
on ‘continued’ lines 111–112
on crediting indexers 110–111
on dealing with errors in text 65
on filing order 92,106–108
on function words in subheadings 91–92
on headings beginning with the same term 109–110
on indention and turnover lines 95
on locators 99,102–103
on see also cross-references 96–97
on selectivity of indexing 37–38
ASAIB, see Association of Southern African Indexers and Bibliographers
ASCII filing order 105–106
ASI, see American Society of Indexers
Ask a Librarian services 173–174
assimilation bias 23
Association of Southern African Indexers and Bibliographers (ASAIB) 4
finding indexers through 17–18
publications of 128
associative relationships 80–81,84
atlas indexing 140–141
audience, see users
audiovisual indexing, see multimedia indexing; sound indexing; video indexing
AusSI, see Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers
Australian Aboriginal names 62–63
Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers (ANZSI, formerly AusSI) 4
finding indexers through 17–18,128
history of 4
recommended rate 8
Australian Government Locator Service 34–35,160
authority files 79,150,152
authors, see cited authors; writers
AutoHotkey 192
automated categorisation 84
automated error checking 115
automated image retrieval 144–145
automated indexing, see also machine-aided indexing
consistency of 117
database indexing decline due to 197–198
evaluation of 114–115
software for 187–188
automated reasoning, ontologies and 84–85,169–170
automated translation 46
awards for indexing 93,114
backing up 42,191–192
bad breaks 111–112
berrypicking 22
bias in indexing 55–56
bibliographic database indexing, see also collection indexing; machine-aided indexing; thesauruses
as substitute for periodical indexing 198
fees for 9
granularity of 74
history of scientific 162
links or citations as locators 100
bibliographic database indexing (cont.)
metatopic indexing 67
number of terms allocated 72
planning 47–48
viability of 74–75,196–198,200–201
bibliographic information, see collection indexing; description, bibliographic; library cataloguing
bibliographies
in books, indexing of 38
indexing of 129
TEI coding for 124
bills (invoices) 9
binomial names 162–163
biographies 56–57,66,129–130
biological names 162–163
body parts, singular forms of 163–164
‘boilerplate’ text (repeated content) 137,142
bold type
locators 100–102
main headings distinguished using 59,90,95
book editors, see editors
book indexing, see also book-style indexing; scholarly indexing; scientific public- ations
briefs for indexers 16
children’s books 23–24
classification in 67–68
computer books 43,122,141–142
concept analysis 53–54
consolidated local history indexes 140
cookbooks 142
e-books 135–137
future of 198–200,202–203
gardening books 163
handbooks 141–142
indexes as marketing tools 202–203
legal publications 149–150
textbooks 18,23–24,166–167
web-based book indexes 170–171
book production, see also custom-built publications; embedded indexing
cost of books 199
digitisation projects 173,202–203
markup languages 119–120,122,124
numbers published 198–199
standards for e-commerce 34
book reviews, indexes noted in 114
book-style indexing (closed system), see also book indexing; embedded indexing; website indexing
basic principles 58–59
briefs for indexers 16
classification in 67–68
consistency of 115–116
defined 29–30
delivery formats 110–111,176
editing as you index 69–71
evaluation of 113–114
interoperability 117–118
non-English indexing 45–46
of documents on the web 170–171
periodical indexing similarities to 76
planning 37–46
term selection 57,69–71
ways of working 41–46
book titles 65
book-type serials 30,45
Bookends software 186,187
books about indexing
society publications 128
standards 31–36
Boolean searching 24,87–88
botanical names 89,163
boxed text, indexing of 38–39
brief mentions 56–57,130
briefs for indexers 16
Britain
filing of ‘Mc’ in 108–109
Society of Indexers 4,8,128
standards 31–33
broadening searches, see recall and precision
broader (parent) terms
in thesauruses 80–81
indexing under 72
Browne, Glenda, citation of and by 131
browsing, see book-style indexing; information architecture
BS 8723 119
BS ISO 999:1996 31–32, see also AS/NZS 999:1999
Business Entry Point website 6
business management 6–7
software for 192–193
Cambridge University Press, XML-based indexing 121
Canada 46
indexing society 4
regionalisms 60–61
capital initial letters 59
card sorting technique 83
cartographic materials, see geographic materials; geographic names
cartoons 143
case studies 38–39
cataloguing, see library cataloguing; metadata; museum cataloguing
Categories for the Description of Works of Art 35
categorisation 24–25, 60, see also classification; gathering
automated 84
faceted metadata 77–78
information visualisation 169
thesaurus structure 81,83
CD-ROMs, indexing of 130–131
CDDB music database 165
CDWA 35
chapter authors, indexing of 61
characters, fictional 63–64
charging for jobs, see fees
checking, see editing of indexes; evaluation
chemical names 106–107,164
Chicago manual of style 33
hybrid-style subheadings used in 94
on filing order 107,109
on page ranges 102–103
on place names starting with ‘The’ 64–65
child terms, see narrower (child) terms
children
as index users 23–24
image indexing for 143
knowledge of alphabet 23–24
music indexing for 165
passing mentions and 57
working from home with 11–12
China Society of Indexers 4
Chinese indexes
Australian exports and 201
bibliographic database indexing 52
character filing order 46
thesaurus compatibility 119
chunking of information, see custom-built publications; granularity; units of retrieval
CINDEX 176–177
citation details, see description, biblio- graphic
citation indexing 131
cited authors 61–62, 147, see also name headings; writers
Access case study 178–82
multiple 50
classification 24–25, see also categorisation
free-text search complemented by 67–68
in book-style indexes 67–68
library-style 24,100,151–152,166
clients 201, see also editors; writers
overseas 196,201
closed system indexing, see book-style indexing
cloud maps (tag clouds) 101,172
clusty.com 60
CMSs 145–147
co-extensive index terms 48
collaborative tagging 77, 172, see also metadata
colleagues, see peer review; societies of indexers
collection indexing (open system), see also bibliographic database indexing; controlled vocabularies; names of specific formats, e.g. archives
basic indexing principles 58–59
briefs for indexers 16–17
concept analysis 53–54
consistency of 116–117
cross-references in 97
defined 29–30
delivery formats 110–111
displayed or searchable 87
editors’ role in 15
evaluation of 114–115
factors influencing quality 115
headings beginning with the same term 109–110
hierarchies and 25
interoperability 118–119
locators in 100
major discussions in 101–102
multiple authors 13
non-English indexing 52
periodical indexing similarities to 76
planning 47–52
subheadings 90
term selection 57,59,72–78
collection indexing (open system) (cont.)
types of analysis 54
ways of working 50–51
Collections Australia Network (CAN) 156
columns in indexes 111–112
combination order 48,90
commas
before locators 102
in letter-by-letter filing 105
compatibility, see consistency; interoperability
completeness of documents 41, see also repagination
completeness of entries 65
compliance indexes 129
compound terms in controlled vocabularies 82,84
comprehensiveness, see depth of indexing; selectivity of indexing
compressed page ranges 102–103
computer books, indexing of 43,122,141–142
computer hardware 193
computer security 191–192
computers in indexing, see automated indexing; machine-aided indexing; software
concept analysis 53–57, see also selectivity of indexing; term selection
aboutness 54
categories of terms 55,115
consistency in 115
indexing non-existence of content 56
machine-aided indexing 73–75
multimedia indexing 143,154–155
names as subjects 62
over-analysis in subheadings 90–91
thesauruses 81–82
types of analysis 54
concept maps 70
concordances 14,46
from ‘go’ words 185–187
conditional text 126
conjunctions (‘and’) 91, see also function words
connections, see interoperability
connotative level of indexing 143, 154–155, see also meaning
consistency 115–117, see also controlled vocabularies; interoperability; team indexing
data dictionaries 85–86
embedded indexing 127
inconsistencies in text 65
library cataloguing 151–153
mappings between thesauruses 118–119
parallel construction 90
retrospective and cumulative indexing 49–50
searching past work to ensure 72
consolidation of indexes 138–140,202–203
construction of texts, see custom-built publications
content
DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) 35–36
standards for 34–35
content analysis, see concept analysis
content-based image retrieval 144–145
content management systems 145–147
‘continued’ lines 111–112
continuing indexing, see collection indexing
continuous discussions 103
contracted page ranges 102–103
contracts 10–11
controlled vocabularies, see also metadata; name authority files; synonym rings; taxonomies; thesauruses
avoiding the metatopic in 67
collection indexing 51,115
compound terms in 82,84
consistency and 116–117
defined 30
faceted classifications 77–78
factors influencing quality 115
free-text and MAI compared with 73–75
in database planning 48
library cataloguing 150–153
standards for 33
team indexing 138
term selection 57,72–73,79–86
user-oriented indexing and 21
controversies about indexing
compressed page ranges 102–103
dealing with errors and missing information 65
filing order 91–93,104–110
function words in subheadings 91–93
indexing ‘indexing’ 66–67
locators at main heading 100–101
metatopic indexing 65–67
over-analysis in subheadings 90–91
passing mentions 56–57,130
use of cross-references 99
controversies, indexing of 55–56
cookbooks 142
copyright 11,35–36,169
corporate indexing, see also annual reports; intranet indexing; online help indexing; records management
General Motors images 144
Shell Film Unit sounds 166
corporate names 61–64
correspondence, indexing of 56–57, 131–132, see also records management
costs, see fees; funding
countries, see also non-English indexing
indexing practices in 45–46,52
outsourcing of work to 196,201
coursepacks, see custom-built publications
‘Coward, Noel, not mentioned’ 56
Creative Commons 169
cross-database searching 133,152
cross-references 96–99
between synonyms in thesauruses 72
checking 98
editing 70
in classified indexes 67–68
placement and style 98
team indexing 139
user responses to 23,99
crosswalks between systems 77,118,122,134
CSI (China Society of Indexers) 4
culinary indexing 142
cumulative indexing 49–50
curators, museum 155–156
custom-built publications 132–133,199
DOIs and 35–36
embedded indexing and 126
metatopic indexing and 67
topic maps and 85
customers, see clients
data dictionaries 85–86
data entry step 42
Access forms 181–182
number of passes 43–44
term selection and 57
without marking up 43
data manipulation using Excel 182–183
data mining 133
data warehouses 133
database-style indexing, see collection indexing
databases, see Access; bibliographic database indexing; crosswalks between systems
decision making, see deferred decisions; planning
dedicated indexing software 41,57,176–179
cross-reference checking 98
DEXter and 184
grouping function 70
incrementing page numbers 45
team indexing 138–139
deferred decisions 42–43,69–71
definitions 26–30
glossary entries in indexes 38
legal indexing 149
scope notes in thesauruses 81
delivery format 110–111
denotative level of indexing 143,154–155
depth of indexing 29, 115, see also exhaustivity; length of indexes; specificity
bibliographic database indexing 48
periodicals 48
description, bibliographic 152–153, see also library cataloguing
CDDB music database 165
fields in database indexing 48
resource description using RDF 123–124
standards for 34–35
descriptions (metadata abstracts) 76
detail, see depth of indexing; granularity
Deutsches Netzwerk der Indexer 4
DEXter 184
diacritics, filing of 105–106
diaries, indexing of 131–132
digital libraries 133–135, see also library cataloguing; web-based resources
defined 30
for children 24
OAI-PMH 33,133–134
passage level indexing 136
digital music 165–166
Digital Object Identifiers 34–36
digitisation projects 173,202–203
direct order, see inverted headings
directories, web 84, 135, 169, see also web-based resources
disambiguation 60
name headings 64–65,79
Wikipedia 137–138
discontinuous discussions 103
discussion lists 12,192–193
displayed indexes, see book-style indexing
DNI 4
Do Mi’s First Rule 55
DocBook 122
document-oriented indexing 21–22, 53–54
Document Type Definitions 122
documents for indexing, see also book production; completeness of documents; custom-built publications; government documents; PDF documents; records management
as authority for term selection 58
planning bibliographic database scope 47–48
reporting errors in 65
web documents 170–171
DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) 34–36
domain-specific indexing 159
double entries 58–59,97,108
Dragon magazine indexes 148
Dragon Naturally Speaking 192–193
drop-down lists 77
DTDs 122
Dublin Core 34–35
digital libraries 134–135
video indexing 167
duplicated content (‘boilerplate’ text) 137,142
DVD indexing 130–131
e-book indexing 135–137
e-commerce standards 34–36
e-GMS (UK) 34–35
e-learning metadata standard 35
e-mail, indexing of 161–162
e-print repositories 134–135
e-resources, see digital libraries; search engines; web-based resources
EAD (Encoded Archival Description) 122
economics of database indexing 196–198, see also fees
EDGE database 74–75
editing of indexes, see also evaluation; term selection
book-style indexes 42–43,69–71,98
machine-aided indexing 73–75
team indexing 138–139
editions, revised, see updating and adapting indexes
editors 15–18, 48–50, 113–114, see also clients
EdNA Metadata Standard 35
education in indexing 3–4,52
educational materials, see also textbook indexing
archival school magazines 148
custom-built publications 132–133
metadata standards 35
efficiency, see indexing processes
electronic . . ., see e- . . .
elided page ranges 102–103
email, see e-mail, indexing of
embedded indexing 124
coordination of 125
disadvantages of 127
DocBook 122
e-books 136
future of 202
HTML Indexer 189–190
‘live’ documents 125
online help indexing as 158
software for 183–186
uses of 125–126
vs repagination 45
EmDEX 186
Emotional dictionary 155
employers, working for 5
Encoded Archival Description 122
encyclopedias 101, 137–139, see also team indexing
endnotes and footnotes 38,88–89,101
enthusiast indexes 148
entity-oriented analysis, see document-oriented indexing
entries, see also main headings; subheadings
charging by number of 9
completeness of information in 65
defined 9,26–29
first words in 28,59
number allocated, see exhaustivity
entry-a-line subheadings, see indented subheadings
entry arrays
defined 29
spaces between 95
entry step, see data entry step
equivalence relationships 80, see also synonyms
errors in index use, see research into index use
errors in texts, indexers’ role 65
estimating fees, see fees
European language indexes 46
evaluation 113–115, see also editing of indexes
Excel, indexing using 182–183
exchanging information, see interoperability
excluded material, indexing non-existence of 56
exhaustivity (number of terms) 29, 54–55, see also depth of indexing; granularity; selectivity of indexing
collection indexing 72
indexing level between title and abstract 74–76
line numbers as locators 101
overindexing 44,75
experience, gaining 7
exploded searches 72
exporting indexing skills 196,201
faceted metadata 77–78,150–151
FacetMap 77–78
false drops 67–68, 73, 168, see also disambiguation
familiarisation step
book-style indexing 41–42
collection indexing 50–51
family history materials 56–57,140
federation (cross-database searching) 133,152
fees 8–9,13
ASI salary survey 8
database indexing 9
per hour 8,147
per index entry or locator 9
per issue or article 147
per page or per word 8–9
problems with payment 9–10
fiction 139–140
aboutness and meaning 54
Dragon magazine indexes 148
indexing of to avoid Galsworthy’s grumblings 139–140
library cataloguing 151
fictional characters 63–64
‘fiddling’ filing 22,104–110
fields in database indexing 48,168
crosswalks between systems 118
figures 38–39,101,142
filing order 104–110, see also function words; initial articles
archives in order of accumulation 161
filing ‘as if’ 22,104–110
filing by importance 109
Greek letters and numbers 106–107
headings beginning with the same term 104–105,109–110
‘Mt’, ‘St’ and ‘Mc’ 108–109
non-roman scripts 46
notes about 88–89
punctuation, symbols and diacritics 105–106
user expectations about 19–20
word-by-word and letter-by-letter 104–105
finding aids (archives) 122,161
finding indexers 17–18
finding work 7–8
Finland, ontology development in 156
Flamenco code for faceted metadata 77–78
Flickr 143
folk classifications 24–25
folksonomies 146, 172, see also taxonomies
fonts, see typography of indexes
footnotes, indexing of 38,88–89,101
foreign clients 196,201
foreign language indexing, see non-English indexing
forest and tree entries 43
formats being indexed 128–174
subheadings to indicate 83,90
formats, output 110–111, 176, see also interoperability
Access 181
single-sourcing 125–126
FrameMaker 185–186
Sonar Bookends and 186
framework, see structure of indexes
France, indexing in 46
free-text, full-text search 73–75, 168–169, see also search engines
broad subject codes as complement to 67–68
database indexing decline due to 197
e-books 23,136
intranets 81–82
freelance indexing 5–6, see also business management; clients; fees
from home 11–12
marketing 7–8
with children 11–12
French-language indexes 46
FTP (file transfer protocol) sites 44
full-text search, see free-text, full-text search
function words (prepositions) in subheadings 91–93, see also initial articles
functional classification 160
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) 152–153
funding for bibliographic database indexing 196–197, see also fees
future of indexing 195–204
online help indexing 159
other jobs that require indexing skills 203
gardening books 163
gathering, see also categorisation; metatopic indexing
categories of terms to select 55,115
during editing 70–71,139
harvesting resources for digital libraries 133
genealogical materials 140,160–161
general cross-references 96,163
generality, see specificity
genres of material to be indexed, see biographies; fiction
geographic materials 140–141
geographic names 64–65
fictitious places in library catalogues 151
filing ‘The’ in 107
place subheadings 90
Germany
Deutsches Netzwerk der Indexer 4
German language indexes 46
Getty Foundation thesauruses 64–65,144
Getty Images 143
Glindexes 38
globalisation of indexing 196,201
glossary entries in indexes 38
glosses, see parenthetical qualifiers
‘go’ words 185,187
Good Practice website 33
Google 155,172
book digitisation 173,202–203
Google Answers 173–174
Google Scholar 131,168–169
image search 145
news search 157
standard evaluation measures not used by 73
video search 167–168
government documents, see also annual reports; records management
e-mail indexing 161–162
non-alphabetical sequencing of States 93–94
value of metadata for 77
granularity 29, see also exhaustivity; units of retrieval
bibliographic database indexing 74
DOIs and 35–36
library cataloguing vs. indexing 150
graphics, see figures; image indexing; information visualisation
Greek letters, filing of 106–107
grouping, see gathering
guidance for users, see ‘fiddling’ filing; introductory notes
handbooks, indexing of 141–142, see also computer books
hardware 193
Hart, Pro, cheek cell DNA 143
harvesting resources, see digital libraries: OAI-PMH
headings, see main headings; name headings; subheadings
Health and Ageing Thesaurus 75
health at work 193–194
HealthInsite database 75
help indexing, see online help indexing
heuristics (usability guidelines) 20–21
hierarchical relationships, see also classification
as guide in information seeking 25
exploded searches to retrieve narrower terms 72
in EAD and records management 122
in see also references 96
in thesauruses 80–81,83
indexing under broader terms 72
highlighting step, see marking up (highlighting) step
historical projects, see also archives; retrospective indexing
local history 140,156–157
oral history 167
Hofstadter, Douglas, on the meaning of meaning of meaning 154
homographs, see disambiguation
house styles, see style sheets
how-to books, indexing of 141
HTML Indexer 125,189–190
HTML/Prep 189
hubs, see digital libraries; directories
humorous indexes 46
‘Humpty Dumpty’, indexing of 57
HURIDOCS 62
hybrid-style subheadings 94
hyphens, in filing 105–106
IA, see information architecture
identifiers, standards for 35–36
IEEE LOM (Learning Object Metadata) standard 35
IFLA
section on cataloguing 152
working group on thesauruses 33
illustrations in books 38–39, 101, 142, see also image indexing
image indexing 142–145
collaborative tagging 172
levels of meaning 154–155
search engines 143–145,155
imaginative texts, see fiction
inactive records, see archives
inclusion of entries, see concept analysis; selectivity of indexing
inclusive numbers, see locator spans
inconsistencies in indexing, see consistency
inconsistencies in text, indexers’ role 65
incrementing page numbers 45
Indecs standard 34–36
indented subheadings 94–95
indented turnover lines 95
InDesign 186
index entries, see entries
index headings, see main headings; subheadings
Index-L mailing list 12
‘a quick inversion question’ 64
on, see references 98–99
on user approaches to ‘The’ 108
index terms, see controlled vocabularies; term selection
Index Tools Professional 185–186
index users, see users
indexability, see concept analysis; selectivity of indexing
IndexAssistant for Word 185
indexees, response to indexing of themselves 62
Indexer, The, indexing ‘indexing’ in 66–67
indexer confusion
ballet in a ski-mobile 144
endothelins and the telephone 74
evacuation vs bowel movements 46
facing vs interfacing 141
indexers 2–3, see also freelance indexing; indexing processes; societies of indexers
briefs for 16
communications with authors 13
finding 17–18
gaining experience 7
learning indexing 3–4,52
mailing lists for 12
naming in documents 110–111
proposal of thesaurus terms by 83
threats to and opportunities for 195–204
working for employers 5
writers as 13–14
Indexers Available databases 17–18,128
indexes
as marketing tools 202–203
basic principles for 58–59
bias in 55–56
classification in 67–68
conceptual reorganisation of 136
created by non-indexers 202
defined 1,27–28
design of 111–112
editors’ role in creation of 15–18
full-text search vs index use 23
in custom-built publications 132–133
length of, see length of indexes
markup languages 119–120,124
multiple 40–41,49,61–62,111
passage level indexing 136
planning, see planning
product creation by indexers 204
research into, see research into index use
reviews and awards 93,114
standards for 31–33
structure of, see structure of indexes
updating, see updating and adapting indexes
Indexicon 187–188
indexing controversies, see controversies about indexing
indexing processes (ways of working), see also automated indexing; freelance indexing; machine-aided indexing; non-English indexing
book indexing 41–46
collection indexing 50–51
dealing with errors and missing information 65
number of passes 43–44
periodical indexing 51
re-indexing databases 75
when to edit 69–71
Indexing Society of Canada 4,171–172
indexing software, see dedicated indexing software
Indexing Toolbar for Word 185
India 157,201
indirect order, see inverted headings
information architecture 145, see also categorisation; intranet indexing; metadata; taxonomies
metadata to create navigational structure 77
taxonomies in 84
information exchange, see interoperability
information foraging 23
information unit indexing, see book-style indexing
information visualisation 169
informativeness, see meaning
initial articles, filing of 64–65,89,107–108
initial capital letters 59
INSPEC, research into subheading use 93
instant messaging (SMS), indexing of 161–162
insurance 10–11
intellectual property, see rights management
inter-indexer inconsistency 116–117
inter-system inconsistency 118–119
International Good Practice website 33
international indexing (outsourcing) 196,201
international standards 31–32, see also AS/NZS 999:1999
interoperability 117–119, see also consistency; formats, output
digital libraries 133–135
individual preference vs shared standards 75
library cataloguing 151–153
merging of information using topic maps 85
RDF and 123–124
interpretation, see concept analysis
intranet indexing 145–147, see also information architecture; website indexing
metadata 76–77,145–147
synonym rings 22,97
thesaurus and free-text terms in 81–82
users and 14,18–19,172
value judgements in indexing 55–56
introductions to books, indexing of 38
introductory notes 88–89
inverted headings 58–59
avoided in legal indexing 149–150
avoided in thesauruses 82
function words in subheadings 91–93
inverting ‘The’ 107–108
names 63–65,105
invoicing 9
Iran 52
Ireland, see Society of Indexers
ISAD(G): General International Standard Archival Description 33,122
ISC/SCI 4,171–172
ISO 999:1996 31–32, see also AS/NZS 999:1999
ISO 2788 33
ISO 5693:1985 32
ISO 15836:2003 (Dublin Core) 34–35
italic type
cross-references 98
locators for graphic material 101
IXgen 185–186
Japan, indexing society 4
joint authors 13, 50, see also cited authors
journal indexing 99, 147–148, see also articles (writings); bibliographic database indexing; citation indexing; periodical indexing
Justice Sector Metadata Standard 34–35
keywords (significant terms), see also metadata; term selection
defined 28
functional classification in RM 160
‘go’ words 185,187
KWIC indexes 188
subheadings should start with 93
knowledge management (KM) 148–149
KWIC indexes 188
Lancaster, Wilfred, citing of and by 131
language in indexes, see controlled vocabularies; non-English indexing; term selection
language of the text, see natural language
large projects, see encyclopedias; intranet indexing; team indexing
latent semantic indexing 73
LaTeX 122–123
Latin names 162–163
law, see legal issues for indexers; legal publications
layout, see style; typography of indexes
learning indexing 3–4,52
legal issues for indexers 10–11
legal publications 48–49,149–150
classification in 67–68
Justice Sector Metadata Standard 34–35
length of indexes 39–40, 49, 112, see also exhaustivity
letter-by-letter filing 104–105
letter headings 112
letters (correspondence), indexing of 56–57, 131–132, see also records management
level of indexing, see depth of indexing
library cataloguing 51, 150–153, see also digital libraries; metadata; thesauruses
Ask a Librarian services 173–174
bibliographic description 34–35
classification 24,77–78,100,151–152, 166
consistency 116–117
cross-references in 98
MARC mapped to ONIX 34
multilingual 52
name headings 62,79,150,152
re-indexing when terms change 75
records management compared with 159–160
line-by-line subheadings, see indented subheadings
line wraps, see turnover lines
linguistic issues, see controlled vocabularies; non-English indexing; term selection
linking
collection indexes 100
PDF indexes 187
topic maps 85
video indexes 167
LISA (Library and information science abstracts) 67
lists, as passing mentions 56–57
literary warrant 81–82
local history materials 140,156–157
locator spans (page ranges) 102–103
locators (page numbers) 99–104, see also repagination
after main headings 100–101
charging by number of 9
children’s responses to 23
data manipulation using Excel 182–183
encyclopedias 137
for special purposes 101–102
periodical indexing 49,76
punctuation before 102
right justification 111–112
undifferentiated 89–90,103–104
LOM (Learning Object Metadata) standard 35
looseleaf services 153
lower case initial letters 59
machine-aided indexing (MAI) 73–75, see also automated indexing
future of indexing and 197–198,203–204
MAIstro software package for 191
machine translation 46
Macintosh computers
CINDEX for 176
help indexing 159
thesaurus software for 191
Macmillan study 90
Macrex 176–178
macros using AutoHotkey 192
magazine indexing 147–148, see also periodical indexing
MAI, see machine-aided indexing
mailing lists 12,192–193
main headings 28,59
filing words beginning with same term 104–105
locators after 100–101
subheadings distinguished from 59,90, 95
main topics, see metatopic indexing
maintenance, see looseleaf services; thesauruses: maintenance; updating and adapting indexes
major discussions 72–73, 101–102, see also selectivity of indexing
locators for 100–102
out of order to promote 109
Malcolm X, a perennial inversion problem 64
management, see business management
manuals 141–142
mappings between thesauruses 118–119
maps 140–141
MARC (MAchine Readable Cataloging, ISO 2709) 152
compared with EAD 122
digital library standards 134
mapping to ONIX 34
marketing 7–8
marking up (highlighting) step 42, 53, see also concept analysis; term selection
embedded indexing 183–184
number of passes 43–44
to mark up or not 43
markup languages 119–124, 167, see also names of specific markup languages
mathematics, see scientific publications
‘Mc’, filing of 22,108–109
meaning, see also semantic web
aboutness and 54
Hofstadter’s limerick on 154
image indexing 143,154–155
medical publications 162–164
filing Greek and Roman letters 106–107
MEDLINE 72–73,101–102
memetic search 172
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) 75,83,116–117,163–164
metadata 76–77, see also thesauruses
browsable 77–78,150–151
collaborative tagging 77,172
Creative Commons 169
descriptions 76
digital library resources 133–135
e-mail indexing 161–162
embedded indexing 125
HTML Indexer 189–190
intranet indexing 76–77,145–147
markup languages 120
memetic search 172
OAI-PMH 33
paid search and 169
RDF and 123–124
semantic web 169–170
standards for 33–36
value judgements in 55–56
videotaped oral histories 167
metatopic (main topic) indexing 25,65–67
biographies 129–130
notes about 88
METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard) 134
Microsoft
help indexing 158–159
Live Academic Search 168–169
Microsoft Access 178–182
Microsoft Excel 182–183
Microsoft Word 183–185
minor characters, see passing mentions
minor discussions, see major discussions
missing information in texts 65
mission-oriented indexing, see task-oriented indexing
mistakes, see consistency; editing of indexes; errors in texts; evaluation
MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema) 134
moral rights 11
MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standards 35–36,167
MSN 155,172–173
‘Mt’, filing of 108–109
multi-level headings, defined 27
multi-purposing, see single-sourcing
multilingual indexes 45–46, 52, see also non-English indexing
multilingual thesauruses 33
multimedia indexing 153–155, see also image indexing; sound indexing; video indexing
aboutness and meaning 54,143, 154–155
metadata standards 35–36
search engines 143–145,155,166–168
sequential numbers as locators 100
SMIL markup language 124
thesauruses 144
multiple authors 13, 50, see also cited authors
multiple indexers, see team indexing
multiple indexes 40–41,61–62
author indexes separate 61–62
periodical indexing 49
placement of 111
multipurposing, see single-sourcing
multivolume works 137–139
museum cataloguing 155–156
plural or singular terms 59
music indexing 165–166
musical instruments 52
myth of the stupid user 23
name authority files 79,150,152
name headings 61–65, see also cited authors
archival standards for 33
automated indexing of 73,186
biographies 129–130
changed terminology 63,79
corporate 61–64,107–108
fictitious characters and places 151
filing ‘The’ in 107
formats 63
geographic 64–65,107–108,151
inverted 63–65,105
letter-by-letter filing 105
local and family histories 140
missing information in 65
school magazines 148
naming topics, see term selection
narrative texts, see biographies; fiction
narrower (child) terms 72,80–81
NASA Center for Aerospace Information 73
natural language 58
controlled vocabularies and 82,116–117
intranets 77,146
navigational structure, see information architecture
Nederlands Indexers Netwerk 4
need-oriented indexing 21
negative results, indexing 56
negative words, non-use of in index entries 59
networking, see peer review; societies of indexers
neutral indexing 55–56
new editions, see updating and adapting indexes
New Zealand, see AS/NZS 999; Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers; NZGLS
newspaper indexing 101, 156–157, see also periodical indexing
Nigeria, indexing in 52
NIN (Nederlands Indexers Netwerk) 4
NISO . . ., see also ANSI/NISO . . .
NISO-TR02–1997 (draft indexing standard) 31–32
NISO-TR03–1999 (filing report) 32,108
non-alphabetical sequencing 22,93–94,104–110
non-continuous discussions 103
non-displayed indexes, see search engine design
non-English indexing, see also regionalisms
book-style indexing 45–46
collection indexing 52
filing ‘The’ in place names 107
name headings 62–64
thesauruses 33,119
non-inclusion, indexing lack of expected content 56
non-indexers, doing indexing 202
non-preferred terms 80,82–83,96
notes in indexes 88–89
notes in texts, indexing of 38,88–89,101
nothing before something filing 104–105
nouns and noun phrases 58–59
NSW Public Health Bulletin case study 181,178–182
number of passes 43–44
number of terms allocated 72
numbers, filing of 106
NZGLS 34–35
OAI-PMH 33,133–135
image indexing 143
objectivity in indexing 102–103
objects (realia), see artefacts; museum cataloguing
occupational health and safety (OH&S) 193–194
ongoing indexing, see collection indexing; serials indexing
ONIX (ONline Information eXchange) 34–36
online databases, see bibliographic database indexing
online help indexing 90,157–159
cross-references in 98–99
HTML Indexer for 190
single-sourcing 126
online indexes, see search engine design; web documents
ontologies 84–85,156,170
Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting 33,133–135, 143
open system indexing, see collection indexing
opportunities in indexing 199–204
ordering entries, see filing order
organisational warrant 81–82
organisations, see corporate indexing; corporate names; government documents; professional societies
orphan subheadings 94
output formats, see formats, output
outsourcing of indexing work 196,201
over-analysis in subheadings 90–91
overindexing 44, 75, see also concordances; exhaustivity; length of indexes; undifferentiated locators
overseas clients 196,201
packagers, changes in client base 201
page numbers, see locators
page ranges, see locator spans
page sections, locators for 101
PageMaker 186
pagination not final, see repagination
paid search 169
paired terms (reciprocal relationships) 80–81,96
Pandora (Music Genome Project) 165–166
Pandora (National Library) 47,134
paradox of the active user 22–23
paragraph numbers, as locators 99
parallel construction, of subheadings 90
parent terms, see broader (parent) terms
parenthetical qualifiers (glosses) 60
filing order 109–110
for place names 64–65,140–141
in biographies 129–130
passage level indexing 136
passes through the text 43–44
passim 103
passing mentions 56–57,130
pathfinders (archives) 161
payment, see fees
PDF documents 44,186–187
full-text search vs index use 23
software for indexing 187
peer review 3–4
people’s names, see name headings
periodical indexing 30, see also bibliographic database indexing; serials indexing
Access case study 178–182
authors’ role in 14
avoiding the metatopic in 67
bibliographic database scope 47–48
citation indexing 131
concept analysis 53–54
consistency 117
cumulations 49–50
future of 198,200
general and specific entries in 76
in Nigeria 52
locators 76,99
planning 48–50
retrospective 49,147–148,204
separately published indexes 49
term selection 76
ways of working 51
personal names, see name headings
pertinence (usefulness) 114–115
pharmaceutical names 164
Philippines, indexing in 201
physical items, see artefacts; museum cataloguing
pick lists, on intranets 77
Picture Australia 143
pictures, see figures; image indexing
places, see geographic materials; geographic names
planning 37–52
collection indexes 47–52
cumulative indexes 49–50
multimedia indexes 154
newspaper indexes 156–157
periodical indexes 48–50
retrospective indexes 49
thesauruses 81
plant names 163
platypuses
indexed as otters 172
indexers’ similarities to 5–6
search for videos of 167–168
plural form of index terms 59,155–156,163–164
filing order and 104–105
PMEST facets 77–78
Portable Document Format, see PDF documents
portals, see digital libraries; directories, web
position on page, locators for 101
post-coordination of terms 82
precision, see recall and precision
predictability, see consistency
preferred terms
in name authority files 79
in thesauruses 80,82–83
‘see’ references to 96
‘prefix words’, see function words
preliminary matter, indexing of 38
prepositions, see function words
presentation of indexes, see indexes: design of; typography of indexes
previous editions, see updating and adapting indexes
product creation by indexers 204
production bias 22–23
professional indemnity insurance 10–11
professional societies 4–5
programs, see software
projects, see team indexing
proper names, see name headings
pseudo-alphabetical sequencing 22,104–110
pseudo-indexes 1,20
PsycInfo database 100
public liability insurance 10–11
publication-style indexing, see book-style indexing
publishing industry 1–2, 201, see also book production; custom-built publications; editors; indexers; writers
punctuation
before locators 102
filing order and 105–106
qualifiers, see parenthetical qualifiers
quality, see evaluation
QuarkXpress 186
question and answer sites 173–174
quoting for jobs 173–174
Ranganathan, SR 77–78
ranges, see locator spans
ranking, see relevance ranking
rates, see fees
RDF (Resource Description Framework) 123–124
Creative Commons licences 169
subject gateways 135
topic maps 85
video indexing 167
W3C SKOS Core Guide 119
RDF syntax 123–124
re-indexing, see updating and adapting indexes
readers, see users
realia, see artefacts; museum cataloguing
recall and precision
evaluation of indexes 114–115
Google not tested on 73
passage level indexing 136
subheadings and term weighting 72–73
synonyms and 72
reciprocal relationships 80–81,96
recommended rates 8
recordkeeping, see business management
records management 159–162
data warehouses 133
standards for 33
reference books, see encyclopedias; handbooks; scholarly indexing; textbook indexing
reference locators, see locators
regionalisms 60–61, see also non-English indexing
relationships between terms, see also cross-references; hierarchical relationships; interoperability; synonyms
concept maps to show 70
ontologies 84–85
thesauruses 80–81
relevance ranking 114–115
intranet metadata 146
paid search 169
spamming 76
repagination 45, see also custom-built publications
after indexing incomplete documents 41
embedded indexing and 45,124–125
indexing to paragraph level instead of 99
PDF documents 44
translations requiring 46
repeated content (‘boilerplate’ text) 137, 142
reports, see annual reports; handbooks
repositories, see archives; CMSs; digital libraries; intranet indexing; knowledge management; records management; topic maps
request-oriented indexing, see user-oriented indexing
research into index use 19–20, see also users
abstract and index levels needed 75–76
cross-references 98–99
full-text search vs index use 23
function words 93
indented and run-on subheadings 94
main headings visually distinguished 90
user approaches to ‘The’ 108
resource description, see description, bibliographic; RDF
resources for indexers, see mailing lists; professional societies; web-based resources
retrieval effectiveness, see recall and precision
retrieval units, see granularity; units of retrieval
retrospective indexing 49,147–148, 204
local and family histories 140
reuse of indexes 117–118,124–126
revenue, see fees; funding
reviews of indexes 114
revised editions, see updating and adapting indexes
Reworx 185
‘ride a wild pony’ approach 42–43,70
rights management 11,35–36,169
rules about indexing 31–32, see also standards
run-on subheadings 94
safety at work 193–194
salaries, see fees
scanning subheadings 93
scatter, see gathering
scheduling 51, see also briefs for indexers; business management
schemas 122–124
scholarly indexing 14,43–44,162
Google Scholar and Live Academic Search 168–169
scientific publications 89,162–164
archives 161
digital libraries 134–135
filing numbers and letters 106–107
INSPEC on subheading use 93
LaTeX and 122–123
use of double entry in 97
scope, see planning
scope notes in thesauruses 81
Scotland, filing of ‘Mc’ in 108–109
search engine design 87–88, see also free-text, full-text searching; recall and precision
bibliographic databases 48
broad subject codes included in 67–68
cross-database searching 133,152
‘locators’ in 100
search engines, multimedia 143–145,155,166–168
search engines, web-wide 168–169, see also Google; MSN; Yahoo
access to controversial topics 55–56
book digitisation and 173,202–203
for site-specific searches 171–172
for tagged sites 172
information visualisation in 169
metadata and 76,169
negative references misleading in 56
spamming and 76
second editions, see updating and adapting indexes
secondary publishing, see bibliographic database indexing
security, electronic 191–192
see also references 96, see also reciprocal relationships
placement and style 98
research into index use 98–99
see references 96, see also synonyms
collection indexes 97
from inverted headings 58–59
research into index use 98–99
see under references 96
selecting terms, see term selection
selectivity of indexing, see also concept analysis; exhaustivity
bibliographic databases 47–48
book-style indexing 37–39,166–167
periodicals 147,156–157
semantic web 84–85,123–124,156, 169–170
sequencing of entries, see filing order
sequential information seeking, 22
sequential numbers as locators 100
serials indexing 30, 99, see also annual reports; periodical indexing
set out (indented) subheadings 94
SGML 119
shared indexing, see interoperability
shortening indexes 40
SI, see Society of Indexers
signatures (book sections) 39–40
single-sourcing 125–126,159
Access case study 178–182
singular form of index terms, see plural form of index terms
size, see length of indexes
SKY Index 176–179
SMIL 124,167
SMS (instant messaging), indexing of 161–162
social bookmarking 172
Société canadienne d’indexation 4,171–172
societies of indexers 4–5
Society of Indexers (SI, United Kingdom and Ireland) 4
publications of 128
recommended rate 8
software 194, 202, see also automated indexing; dedicated indexing software
Adobe FrameMaker 185–186
Adobe InDesign 186
Adobe PageMaker 186
automated categorisation 84
business-related 191–193
embedded indexing 125,183–186
FacetMap 77–78
Microsoft Access 178–182
Microsoft Excel 182–183
Microsoft Word 183–184
Microsoft Word add-ins 184–185
PDF documents 44,186–187
QuarkXpress 186
thesaurus and taxonomy 190–191
website indexing 188–190
software repositories, indexing of 164–165
Sonar Activate 187
Sonar Bookends 186–187
sort order, see filing order
sound indexing 155,165–166
South Africa
ASAIB 4,17–18,128
cost of books in 199
national bibliography of 129
space requirements, see length of indexes
spaces
before first locators 102
between entry arrays 95
in filing 104–105
spamming 76,168
specialised indexing 128–174, see also specific subjects, e.g. cookbooks
international projects using 201
targeting growing areas 201
specificity 29, 59, see also depth of indexing
classification vs. specific entry 67–68
combination of terms for 72
generic terms and 24–25
in thesauruses 83
indexes to children’s books 24
periodical indexing 76
speech recognition software 167,192–193
speed, see indexing processes
spelling
botanical spell checker 163
errors in text, indexers’ role 65
search expansion using spellcheckers 87–88
spreadsheet programs 182–183
‘St’, filing of 108–109
stand-alone indexing, see book-style indexing
standards 31–36
for content and description 34–35
for controlled vocabularies 33
for digital libraries 133–134
for e-commerce 34
for identifiers 35–36
for indexing 31–33
for metadata 33–36
for records and archives 33
interoperability and 118
stop words 73
structure of indexes 87–112
bibliographic databases 48
establishing and editing 69–71
faceted metadata 77–78
number of passes to determine 42–44
Wikipedia 137–138
structure of thesauruses 83
stupid users, myth of 23
style 88–89, see also subheading style; typography
Style Manual (Wiley 2002) 32
on filing order 104–107,109
on noncontinuous discussions 103
style sheets 16–17
inconsistent decisions regarding 17
sample indexes as bad alternative to 17
subheading filing
biography indexes 130
function words 91–93
non-alphabetical sequencing 93–94, 109
promoting selected subheadings 109
when headings begin with the same term 109–110
subheading style
hybrid 94
indented v. run-on 94
subheading types and purposes
for major discussions 100–101,109
over-analysis in 90–91
precision and recall and 72–73
to break up long strings 89–90,130
to indicate graphic material 101
to show aspects of a topic 89–90
subheadings
editing 69–71
function words in 91–93
headings distinguished from 59,90, 95
in thesauruses 83
markup for 119–120
online help indexing 158–159
orphan 94
poem on 89
‘see under’ references to 96
wording of 90
subject gateways (hubs) 135
subject headings, see controlled vocabularies
subject metadata, see metadata
subject specialisations, see specialised indexing
subjectivity (bias) 102–103
subjects, see concept analysis; keywords; term selection
submission formats 110–111
summaries, see abstracts
surnames, see name headings
symbols, filing of 105–107
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language 124,167
synonym rings 22,33,76–77,82–83,97
Macintosh help indexing 159
synonyms, see also ‘see’ references
connonyms 155
in multi-author works 13
in thesauruses 72,80,82–83
Syntactica 187–188
systems, see interoperability
table-of-contents-style index entries 25, 66
tables in texts 38–39,101
tables of cases 149
tag clouds (cloud maps; weighted lists) 101,172
tagging, see collaborative tagging; embedded indexing; markup languages; metadata
task-oriented indexing 21
handbooks 141–142
semantic web 169–170
taxonomies 83–84
automated categorisation and 84
compared with thesauruses 84
defined 30
folk classifications 24–25
folksonomies 146,172
records management 160
software for management of 191
standard for 33
user-oriented indexing and 21
teaching indexing 3–4,52
team indexing 5, 138–139, see also consistency
collection indexing 51
intranet technical support 146–147
library cataloguing 151–153
number of passes 44
record keeping and 49
technical documentation, see handbooks; online help indexing; scientific publications
technical writers, see writers
TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) 124
templates for entering terms 72
temporary entries 42–43,69–71
term editing, see editing of indexes
term selection 57–61, 69–78, see also concept analysis; editing of indexes; name headings
artefact naming 156
bibliographic database indexing 48
book-style indexing 69–71
children’s books 24
collection indexing 69,72–78
consistency 115–116
controlled vocabularies 79–86
free-text searching 73
generic terms 24–25
implicit topics 58
indexing principles 58–59
multimedia indexing 154–155
online help indexing 158–159
periodical indexing 147–148
text as authority for 58
thesauruses 82–83
users’ needs and 18–19
term weighting 72–73
tag clouds 101,172
terminology, see definitions
terms, defined 27, see also entries
TeX typesetting suite 122–123
Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) 124
text headings, defined 27
textbook indexing 18, 23–24, 166–167, see also educational materials
TExtract 187
texts, see documents for indexing
‘the blues’, indexing and 108
‘The’, filing of 64–65,89,107–108
The indexer, indexing ‘indexing’ in 66, 67
Thesaurus for graphic materials (TGM) 81,144
thesauruses 80–83
automatic synonym search 72
compared with taxonomies 84
concept analysis 81–82
conversion to ontologies 84–85
definition, origin and plural form 30, 80
folk classification research and 25
folksonomy contributions to 172
for functional classifications 160
geographic names 64–65
IFLA working group on multilingual 33
image indexing 144
in Iran 52
integrated with XRefHT32 190
maintenance 83
mappings between 118–119
medical 75,83,116–117,163–164
museum cataloguing 155–156
on intranets 97
planning 81
plural form of terms in 59,163–164
proposal of terms by indexers 83
quality control and 115
re-indexing after changes to 75
relationships in 80–81
software for management of 83,190–191
specificity when using 59
standards for 33
subheadings in 83
team indexing with 138
term selection 82–83
user-oriented indexing and 21
threats to indexing 196–199
Timekeep for Windows 193
timeliness of indexing 146
titles of books, articles and shows 65
titles of people 63–64
top-down thesaurus construction 81–82
topic maps 85
custom-built publications 126
subject gateways 135
topic relationships, see relationships between terms
topical headings, see concept analysis; term selection
training in indexing 3–4,52
translated works, indexes for 46
translation of concepts into terms, see term selection
TREC (Text Retrieval Conferences) 73
tree structures, for thesauruses 80
trivial mentions, see passing mentions
turnover lines 89–90,95
typing up, see data entry step; term selection
typography of indexes 111–112, see also bold type; italic type
undifferentiated locators 89–90,103–104
United Kingdom, see Scotland; Society of Indexers
United States
indexing society, see American Society of Indexers
standards, see ANSI/NISO . . .; NISO . . .
units of retrieval, see also custom-built publications; granularity
articles not journals 200–201
music tracks not albums 165–166
passages in e-books 136
updating and adapting indexes 45, see also cumulative indexing; looseleaf services
embedded indexing and 127,136,202
interoperability 117–118
new venues for indexes 202–203
updating and adapting indexes (cont.)
previous editions as aids 9
re-indexing when thesaurus terms change 75
URIs (Unique Resource Identifiers) 123–124
usability guidelines 20–21
USE relationships 80–81
Used For relationships 80–81
usefulness (pertinence) 114–115
user-generated indexes
collaborative tagging 172
enthusiast indexes 148
user-oriented indexing 21–22,53–56
user warrant 81–82
users 18–19, see also research into index use
children as 23–24
classification and 24–25
full-text search vs index use 23
intranet metadata and 146
notes to 88–89
testing thesaurus structure with 83
two types – new or familiar 18–19
views of 22–23
value judgements in indexing 55–56
variability, see consistency
vertical files 157
video indexing 167–168
search engines 155,167–168
standards 35–36,124
visual displays of information 169
vivisimo.com 60
vocabulary control, see controlled vocabularies
voice recognition software 167, 192–193
volunteer projects
archival indexes 140,160–161,167
enthusiast indexes 148
periodical indexes 204
web question sites 173–174
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
RDF 123–124
semantic web 169–170
SKOS Core Guide 119
SMIL 124
ways of working, see indexing processes
web as a whole, indexing of 168–170
web-based resources, see also digital libraries; directories; search engines; subject gateways
archiving of 47,134
data dictionaries 85–86
for children 24
for choosing name headings 62
library catalogues 150
list of 218–227
newspaper indexes 157
web documents, indexing of 170–171
website indexing 171–172, see also intranet indexing
links as locators 100
software 188–190
websites
collaborative tagging 172
information architecture 145
information scents on 23
site searches using web search engines 171–172
tag clouds on 101,172
weighting, see term weighting
Wikipedia 137–138
disambiguation of search terms 60
labelling and categorisation in 172
wikis
International Good Practice website 33
SKY Index 177
word-by-word filing 104–105
word processing software
concordances from 14
MS Word 183–185
WordEmbed 184–185
wording choice, see controlled vocabularies; term selection
workers’ compensation insurance 10–11
working for employers 5, see also freelance indexing
workload, see scheduling
World Wide Web Consortium, see W3C
wraparound lines, see turnover lines
writers 12–14, see also cited authors; clients
as indexers 13–14
communications with indexers 13
custom-built publications and 132
intranet authors as indexers 77,146
over-analysis in subheadings by 90–91
paying for indexes 13
writing index entries, see editing of indexes; indexing processes; term selection
X, Malcolm, a perennial inversion problem 64
XML (eXtensible Markup Language) 120–121
DTDs and schemas 122
output from Access 179–181
tagging periodicals 48–49
thesauruses 83
XRefHT32 (‘shreft’) 190
Yahoo 84,155,167–168,172
yearbooks, updating 45
yearly indexes, see serials indexing