| Preface and acknowledgements | page vii | |
| 1 | Introduction: a crescendo of destruction | 1 |
| 1.1 | Disturbance and human interactions | 1 |
| 1.2 | Disturbance and recovery | 9 |
| 1.3 | The future is now, time is short | 11 |
| 2 | Natural disturbances: synergistic interactions with humans | 14 |
| 2.1 | Introduction | 14 |
| 2.2 | Disturbance types | 15 |
| 2.3 | Definitions | 17 |
| 2.4 | Gradients of severity | 18 |
| 2.5 | Infertile habitats | 20 |
| 2.6 | Fertile habitats | 20 |
| 2.7 | Disturbance interactions and linkages with humans | 22 |
| 3 | Infertile and unstable habitats | 27 |
| 3.1 | Introduction | 27 |
| 3.2 | Porous volcanic materials | 28 |
| 3.3 | Dunes | 40 |
| 3.4 | Glaciers | 55 |
| 3.5 | Lessons from infertile, unstable habitats | 70 |
| 4 | Infertile and stable habitats | 72 |
| 4.1 | Stable habitats develop slowly | 72 |
| 4.2 | Lava | 73 |
| 4.3 | Cliffs | 87 |
| 4.4 | Lessons from infertile, stable habitats | 98 |
| 5 | Fertile and unstable habitats | 100 |
| 5.1 | Introduction | 100 |
| 5.2 | Landslides | 101 |
| 5.3 | River floodplains | 114 |
| 5.4 | Lakeshores | 126 |
| 5.5 | Salt marshes and mangroves | 132 |
| 5.6 | Lessons from fertile, unstable habitats | 142 |
| 6 | Fertile and stable habitats | 144 |
| 6.1 | Introduction | 144 |
| 6.2 | Fire | 145 |
| 6.3 | Hurricanes | 159 |
| 6.4 | Grazing | 167 |
| 6.5 | Lessons from fertile, stable habitats | 176 |
| 7 | The lessons learned | 178 |
| 7.1 | Introduction | 178 |
| 7.2 | Nature recovers | 178 |
| 7.3 | Humans intensify disturbances | 179 |
| 7.4 | How humanity alters the equation | 179 |
| 7.5 | Natural models provide lessons | 181 |
| 7.6 | But the rules have changed | 181 |
| 7.7 | Lessons we can apply | 182 |
| 7.8 | Guide to rehabilitation | 183 |
| 7.9 | A plea for biodiversity | 186 |
| 7.10 | The future | 187 |
| Glossary | 189 | |
| Illustration credits | 200 | |
| Index | 201 | |